Dr. Řádek

Spirit buster is a dietary supplement. It helps to prevent gastric and liver damage caused by alcohol using or another toxic compounds. It stimulates natural regeneration of liver cells and gastric mucose. It improves liver detoxication properties and inhibits dyspepsia. It has strong antioxidant activity because of content of plant antioxidants and vitamins. It contains: Vitis vinifera Extr., Phyllanthus tennelus extr., Phoenix dactylifera Extr., Emblica officinalis Extr., Cichorium intybus Extr., Andrographis paniculata Extr., Grape seed Extr., Malphigia glabra Extr., Pyridoxin

Characteristic of compounds

Vitis vinifera, Grape seed extr.
Effects of these extracts were studied by many studie. There were shown adaptogenic and nootropic effects. The experiment was made in rats. Rats were exposed to stress for 1 hour after treatment by extract. As markers were used vanillylmandelic acid and ascorbic acid, they were detected in urine by spectrophotometrical method. The nootropic effect was observed by Cook´s apparathus. Antioxidant activity was observed in vitro, scavenge of hydroxyl radicals was determined. After treatment by extract in doses 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight 1 hour before stress there were biochemical changes in urine of rats, the changes were dose dependent. There were no changes by non-stressed rats. Cognitive effect of extract was dose dependent, antioxidant activity in vitro was dose dependent, too.1
Antioxidant activity of extracts was investigated in many studies in vitro and in vivo. For studies in vitro there were used many models, for example lipid peroxidation2,3, scavenging of hydroxyl radicals3, or LDL oxidation3. For preparing of extracts there were used various solvents, in most cases water, methanol and ethanol. The studies showed antioxidant activity in varying degrees in all models, activity was solvent dependent.
Studies in vivo were made in animals and in humans, these studies showed antioxidant activities, too, especially decrease oxidative damage of DNA.3,4 Some studies showed even some protection against cancerogenesis.5

Phyllanthus tenellus extr.
By this plant there was found in many studies hepatoprotective effect. A study was made in 1985, this study investigated activity of extract on induced hepatotoxicity in rats, there was showed some effect of single compounds of extract on tetrachlormethan and galactoamine damage.21 A study made in 2002 showed effect of extract on decrease of cholesterol levels. This study was made in rats, the rats were feed by cholesterol. A decrease of VLDL and LDL was shown. The mechanismus of this decrease is an inhibition of cholesterol production in liver and increased production and secretion of bile acids.22

Phoenix dactylifera extr.
There were shown antioxidant activity and protective effects on gastric mucose by this extract. In study made in 2005 an influence on ethanol induced gastric ulcerations in rats was investigated. There were made water and spirituous extracts, these extracts were given to the rats per os (dose 4 ml/kg body weight) for 14 days. After this time 80% alcohol was given to the rats (dose 1ml/rat). The rats were killed 1 hour after alcohol proposal and ulcerations, gastrin concentration in plasma and histamin concentration in gastric mucose were investigated. Control group of rats became 8 hours before alcohol proposal lansoprazol (dose 30 mg/kg body weight). Conclusions showed, that water and spirituous extracts reduced ulcerations and decreased ethanol induced increase of gastrin and histamin. The most effective was ethanolic nondialysed extract.6
Other studies investigated antioxidant activity of extracts, especially in vitro. Many methods were used for this research, for example scavenging of superoxid and hydroxyl radicals.7,8 These studies showed big antioxidant activity of the extracts.

Emblica officinalis extr.
This plant is well known as a strong antioxidant. Many studies investigated this effect. Hepatoprotective activity of tannins from this plant was investigated in rats. The rats became a fraction of fresh juice in dosis 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg body weight for 10 days. After proposal of iron dose (30 mg/kg body weight) there was observed hepatoprotective effect analogic to the silymarin effect.9
An effect of this plant was investigated in cyclophosphamid treated mice. The extract was given to the mice for 10 days (dose 100 mg/kg body weight) per os. It turned out that the extract has protective influence on liver and kidney.10
The effect of extract on human tumor cells was investigated in vitro. It turned out that pyrogallol contained in extract has antiproliferative effects. Various tumor cells were used for this experiment.11
Alcoholical extracts have gastroprotective effects. Two studies were made, the first with methanolical extract, the second with ethanolical extract. Both studies were made in rats. Methanolical extract was given to the rats, by that the gastric ulcerations were made by various effects (aspirin, ethanol, stress). After treatment of extract (dose 20 mg/kg body weight) the rats were after 5-10 days healthy, by lower doses a gastroprotective effect was observed.12 Ethanolical extract was given in dosis 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight in the same indications. All types of ulcerations were cured, and an antisecretion effect of extract was observed.13


Cichorium intybus extr.
Many studies that investigated antioxidant activity were made. A study in 2001 in vitro showed protective effect of extract against LDL oxidation.14
More studies investigated hepatoprotective effects of this plant and its extracts. A study in 1998 investigated influence of extracts on tetrachlormethan induced liver damage in rats. Big decrease of ALT, AST and bilirubine and increase of albumin level was observed in rats, that were treated by extracts. These biochemical evaluations were completed by histopathological analysis of liver tissue.15 Analogical study was made in 2003, another extracts of this plants were used. This study showed, that methanolical fraction was most effective, this fraction showed effect comparable to silymarin, histopathological analysis of tissue showed in case of this extract almost total normalisation of tissue, there was observed neither tissue lipidosis, nor necrosis.16

Andrographis paniculata extr.
Many studies that investigated antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of this plant and its extracts were made. Two studies were made in 2001, both of them in mice. The studies investigated influence of extracts on many liver enzymes (antioxidant enzymes, drug metabolism enzymes). Increased activity was showed, especially of antioxidant enzymes, but also of drug metabolism enzymes. The studies showed antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity, and chemopreventive potential against chemotoxicity including carcinogenity.17,18

Malphigia glabra extr. (Acerola)
This plant is well known by its content of C-vitamin and many minerals (iron, calcium, phosphorus). Its antioxidant activity was showed in some studies, another compounds have a share in this activity.19 Some fractions of fruit extract showed cytotoxic activity against some types of tumor cells.20

Pyridoxin
It is water-soluble vitamin B6. It participates on decarboxylation and transamination of aminoacids. By its insufficiency it comes to increase of neuromuscular excitability.

Sources:
1. Sreemantula, S., nammi, S., Kolanukonda, R., Koppula, S., Boini, K.M.: Adaptogenic and nootropic activities of aqueous extract of Vitis vinifera (grape seed): an experimental study in rat model. BMC Complement Altern. Med., 2005, 5, 1.
2. Jayaprakasha, G.K., Singh, R.P., Sakariah, K.K.: Antioxidant activity of grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extracts on peroxidation models in vitro. Food Chem., 2001, 73, 285-290.
3. Chidambara Murthy, K.N., Singh, R.P., Jayaprakasha, G.K.: Antioxidant activities of grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 5909-5914.
4. Simonetti, P., Ciappellano, S., Gardana, C., Bramati, L., Pietta, P.: Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds: in vivo effects on oxidative stress. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 6217-6221.
5. Alam, A., Khan, N., Sharma, S., Saleem, M., Sultana, S.: Chemopreventive effect of Vitis vinifera extract on 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion in murine skin. Pharmacol. Res., 2002, 46, 557-564.
6. Al-Quarawi, A.A., Abdel-Rahman, H., Ali, B.H., Mousa, H.M., El-Mougy, S.A.: The ameliorative effect of dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. J. of Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 98, 313-317.
7. Vayalil, P.K.: Antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of aqueous extract of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae). J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 610-617.
8. Mansouri, A., Embarek, G., Kokkalou, E., Kefalas, P.: Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the Algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). Food Chem., 2005, 89, 411-420.
9. Bhattacharya A., Kumar M., Ghosal S., Bhattacharya S.K.: Effect of bioactive tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis on iron-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Phytomedicine, 2000, 7, 173-175.
10. Haque R., Bin-Hafeez B., Ahmad I., Parvez S., Pandey S., Raisuddin S.: Protective effects of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 2001, 20, 643-650.
11. Khan M.T., Lampronti I., Martello D., Bianchi N., Jabbar S., Choudhuri M.S., Datta B.K., Gambari R.: Identification of pyrogallol as an antiproliferative compound present in extracts from the medicinal plant Emblica officinalis: Effects on in vitro cell growth of human tumor cell lines. Int. J. Oncol., 2002, 21, 187-192.
12. Sairam K., Rao Ch.V., Babu M.D., Kumar K.V., Agrawal V.K., K Goel R.K.: Antiulcerogenic effect of methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis: an experimental study. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2002, 82, 1-9.
13. Al-Rehaily A.J., Al-Howiriny T.A., Al-Sohaibani M.O., Rafatullah S.: Gastroprotective effects of Amla (Emblica officinalis) on in vivo models in rats. Phytomedicine, 2002, 9, 515-522.
14. Kim, T.W., Yang, K.S.: Antioxidative effects of cichorium intybus root extract on LDL (low density lipoprotein) oxidation. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2001, 24, 431-436.
15. Zafar, R., Ali, S.M.: Anti-hepatotoxic effects of root and root callus extracts of Cichorium intybus L. J. of Ethnopharmacol., 1998, 63, 227-231.
16. Bahar, A., Al-Howiriny, T.A., Siddiqui, A.B.: Antihepatotoxic activity of seeds of Cichorium intybus. J. of Ethnopharmacol., 2003, 87, 237-240.
17. Singh, R.P., Banerjee, S., Rao, A.R.: Modulatory influence of Andrographis paniculata on mouse hepatic and extrahepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant status. Phytother. Res., 2001, 15, 382-390.
18. Trivedi, N.P., Rawal, U.M.: Hepatoprotective and antioxidant property of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) in BHC induced liver damage in mice.Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2001, 39, 41-46.
19. Hassimoto, N.M., Genovese, M.I., Lajolo, F.M.: Antioxidant activity of dietary fruits, vegetables, and commercial frozen fruit pulps. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 2928-2935.
20. Motohashi, N. and col.: Biological activity of barbados cherry (acerola fruits, fruit of Malpighia emarginata DC) extracts and fractions. Phytother. Res., 2004, 18, 212-223.
21. Syamasundar, K.V., Singh, B., Thakur, R.S., Husain, A., Kiso, Y., Hikino, H.: Antihepatotoxic principles of Phyllanthus niruri herbs. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1985, 14, 41-44.
22. Khanna, A.K., Rizvi, F., Chander, R.: Lipid lowering activity of Phyllanthus niruri in hyperlipemic rats. J. of Ethnopharmacol., 2002, 82, 19-22.